• Çelik, A. & Esgin, E.
• Proceedings of the 10th International Computer and Instructional Technologies Symposium (ICITS), 16-18 May, Rize.

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Abstract
In our age, where technology and human interaction has become a necessary and indispensable element (de Sousa Monteiro, Gomes ve Mendes Neto, 2016), the Human- Computer Interaction (HCI) emerges as one of the important issues. Hewett et al. (1992) defined the HCI as a discipline which deals with the interactive systems designed, applied and evaluated for the use of humans, and the important phenomena surrounding them. The terms “human”, in the scope of the HCI, includes the individual technology users as well as the users and user groups performing the same duty in an organization (Dix, 2004). Computers, which constitute the other part of the HCI, represent different technologies like desktop computers, mobile phones, laptop computers, tablet PCs, smart home systems, etc. The interaction, in the context of the HCI, is defined as the performance of the users while they are performing a task, and the communication they establish with the computer to cover their needs (Dix, 2004).The variety of the users and computers, which is the subject matter of HCI, causes that interaction types also show variations. When the interaction styles are examined, it is observed that there are various interaction types like command line interface, menus, natural language, question/answer and question dialogues, forms and electronic tables, windows-iconsmenus and pointers (wimp), mouse interactions, keyboard inputs, metaphors and 3-dimensional interfaces (Dix, 2004); as well as new-generation interaction styles like virtual reality, touchable user interfaces, ubiquitous technologies (Barros, 2014), gesture recognizing interfaces, and multiple touchable interfaces (Christou and Jacob, 2003). In this study, it is aimed that the Ubiquitous Computing (UC) concept, which is one of the new-generation interaction styles, is examined in a thoroughmanner in order to define it, and also to reveal the technologies used and the areas of usage in this context.The concept of UC was first introduced by Weiser (1991) in his study in which he mentioned the systems that did not attract the attention with their presentations and that surrounding daily life by working in the background as well as the noticeable technologies. UC is the integration of technology into life both physically and socially with a natural appearance in the interaction between the human and the environment (Lyytinen and Yoo, 2002b). In this context, Weiser (1991) mentioned the ubiquitous computers that are aware of their positions, their inclinations to show rightful behaviors, and different technologies in different dimensions. In addition, the communication between wearable technologies and the environment, cars exchanging signals with each other, synchronized data exchange between the devices of the same person (Korkmaz, 2006), and the facilities of smart houses are some of the invisible technologies provided by the UC concept. Computer operating systems, computer networks, air traffic control systems, railway control systems, nuclear reaction control systems, process control systems, digital libraries, and web-based systems are examined in the scope of UC, and these technologies being continuous, safe and reliable are associated with this concept (Jingde, 2008).When the UC started to influence education, the concepts like e-learning and m-learning are replaced by u-learning i.e. ubiquitous learning concept (Marinagi, Skourlas and Belsis, 2013). U-learning is the realization of education that is supported by information and communication technologies being performed at any time in any place by determining the context according to the learner (de Sousa Monteiro et al., 2016). UC, in the context of u-learning, takes the information on the learning environment and provides the information on the learner context. The context may be the situation of the student, his/her educational activity, the conditions of the environment, and the infrastructure of the system. The u-learning environments provide that the interest of the student is attracted without him/her being aware of this situation. It is seen that the u-learning has the characteristics of increasing the efficiency and effectivity of educational system according to the situation of the learners (Marinagi et al., 2013).When the UC is examined, it is possible to mention a futuristic approach. These technologies open the gates of an era in which technology exists in human life with its benefits but does not exist with its own existence. Claiming that these are the first steps of a technology that will push the limits of human mind would not be incorrect in the context of the studies conducted so far. UC, which is in relation with many fields and many technological concepts, provides us with the clues of a life that can be experienced in science-fiction movies. It is considered that UC will lead great improvements especially in the field of educational technologies. One of the major problems in educational technologies is the educators and learners, who are the users of these technologies, having difficulty in using them. UC will be an important supporter for the educational technologies in that it does not require too much attention, and ensure that technology, that has to remain as a tool, remains as a tool. On the other hand, when the literature on the UC is examined, it has been observed that many concepts are no more electronic or mobile, and are ubiquitous, and the terms in the literature are converted into u-learning, u-urbanization, etc. When this situation is considered, the struggle of the studies conducted so far in performing this conversion and making the UC concept become more prominent attracts attention of researchers.